Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Published on: March 1, 2024
Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: patient selection and perspectives
Michael R Baer1, Jeffrey A Macalena1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, maca0049@umn.edu.
Abstract:
Patellofemoral instability is a painful and often recurring disorder with many negative long-term consequences. After a period of failed nonoperative management, surgical intervention has been used to reduce the incidence of patellar subluxation and dislocations. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction successfully addresses patellofemoral instability by restoring the deficient primary medial patellar soft tissue restraint. When planning MPFL reconstruction for instability, it is imperative to consider the patient's unique anatomy including the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, trochlear dysplasia, and patella alta. Additionally, it is important to individualize surgical treatment in the skeletally immature, hypermobile, and athletic populations.
Related Concept Videos
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality
Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
The Behavioral Perspective on Personality
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
What is Natural Selection?

