Regional deep hyperthermia: quantitative evaluation of predicted and direct measured temperature distributions in...

Temperature distributions resulting from hyperthermia treatment of patients with high-risk soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) were quantitatively evaluated and globally compared with thermal simulations performed by a treatment planning system. The aim was to test whether the treatment planning system was able to predict correct temperature distributions.

Five patients underwent computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided placement of tumor catheters used for the interstitial temperature measurements. For the simulations, five 3 D patient models were reconstructed by segmenting the patient CT datasets into different tissues. The measured and simulated data were evaluated by calculating the temperature change ( $$ ), T90, T50, T20, T_mean, T_min and T_max, as well as the 90th percentile thermal dose (CEM43T90). In order to measure the agreement between both methods quantitatively, the Bland-Altman analysis was applied.

The absolute difference between measured and simulated temperatures were found to be 2°, 6°, 1°, 4°, 5° and 4 °C on average for T_min, T_max, T90, T50, T20 and T_mean, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal simulations exhibited relatively higher thermal dose compared to those that were measured. Finally, the results of the Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean difference between both methods was above 2 °C which is considered to be clinically unacceptable.

Given the current practical limitations on resolution of calculation grid, tissue properties, and perfusion information, the software SigmaHyperPlan™ is incapable to produce thermal simulations with sufficient correlation to typically heterogeneous tissue temperatures to be useful for clinical treatment planning.