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[Follow-up recommendations for the late preterm infant]

Mercedes García Reymundo1, José Antonio Hurtado Suazo2, M José Calvo Aguilar3

  • 1Grupo SEN34-36/ACUNA, Sociedad Española de Neonatología, España; Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Mérida, Mérida, España.

Anales De Pediatria
|February 20, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Late preterm infants (34-36 weeks gestation) face higher risks for developmental issues and hospital readmissions. New guidelines aim to improve their long-term outcomes and early detection of delays.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Late preterm infants (34-36 weeks gestation) comprise a significant portion of premature births (70-74%).
  • These infants are often managed as term newborns, leading to limited understanding of their medium and long-term outcomes.
  • They exhibit higher neonatal morbidity, including increased hospital readmissions for malnutrition, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory issues compared to term infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish follow-up recommendations for late preterm infants to mitigate the impact of prematurity on development.
  • To raise awareness among neonatologists and pediatricians regarding the risks of sequelae in this population.
  • To standardize evaluations and interventions for early detection of developmental delays and coordinate professional care.

Main Methods:

  • Development of follow-up recommendations by the SEN34-36 Group and the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics.
  • Focus on identifying and unifying necessary evaluations and interventions.
  • Provision of clinical follow-up tools for early detection of developmental delays.

Main Results:

  • Cerebral immaturity is identified as a primary cause of long-term neurodevelopmental deficits in late preterm infants.
  • Documented long-term issues include preschool developmental delays, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, schizophrenia, and behavioral/emotional disorders.
  • The guidelines aim to reduce the impact of prematurity on development and improve long-term health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Late preterm infants require specific follow-up protocols due to their unique vulnerabilities and potential for neurodevelopmental deficits.
  • Standardized follow-up and early detection tools are crucial for improving the developmental trajectory of these infants.
  • Collaborative care between neonatologists and pediatricians is essential for optimizing the outcomes of late preterm infants.

Keywords:
Follow-upLate pretermNeurodesarrolloNeurodevelopmentPrematuro tardíoRecomendacionesRecommendationsRiesgoRiskSeguimiento

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