Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

6.5K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
6.5K
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

2.2K
Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
2.2K
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

758
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
758
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.9K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.9K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

3.7K
3.7K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

13.3K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
13.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Regional industrial symbiosis networks for waste minimisation: a case study from Italy.

Journal of environmental management·2025
Same author

Toxicological and genotoxicological assessment of water extracts of sewage sludge and other biogenic wastes: A piece of the SLURP jigsaw puzzle.

Chemosphere·2025
Same author

Circular Economy Applied to Sludge Minimization: The STAR Project.

Membranes·2025
Same author

Mercury removal from mining wastewater by bioaccumulation and thermal separation in Eichhornia crassipes.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2024
Same author

Plastics in biogenic matrices intended for reuse in agriculture and the potential contribution to soil accumulation.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2024
Same author

To spread or not to spread? Assessing the suitability of sewage sludge and other biogenic wastes for agriculture reuse.

MethodsX·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
09:52

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Published on: April 26, 2018

13.2K

Oxygen transfer improvement in MBBR process.

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli1, Alessandro Abbà2, Giorgio Bertanza3

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Upgrading wastewater treatment plants with moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) offers space savings. However, fine bubble aeration in MBBRs did not improve oxygen transfer efficiency compared to coarse bubble systems, though biomass presence enhanced it.

Keywords:
Aeration efficiencyAttached biomassCoarse bubble aerationFine bubble aerationMoving bed biofilm reactorWastewater treatment

More Related Videos

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Published on: July 19, 2019

6.7K
Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Measurement Based on Oxygen-dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence
08:58

Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Measurement Based on Oxygen-dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence

Published on: May 4, 2011

15.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
09:52

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Published on: April 26, 2018

13.2K
Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
05:51

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

Published on: July 19, 2019

6.7K
Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Measurement Based on Oxygen-dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence
08:58

Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Measurement Based on Oxygen-dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence

Published on: May 4, 2011

15.2K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Bioreactor Design

Background:

  • Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) require upgrades to meet stricter regulations, with space limitations being a key challenge.
  • Moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) offer a compact alternative to conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems.
  • A major drawback of MBBRs is their poor aeration energy efficiency, often linked to coarse bubble diffusers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits of implementing a fine bubble aeration system within an MBBR.
  • To compare the oxygen transfer efficiency of fine bubble diffusers against medium bubble systems in MBBRs.
  • To assess the impact of biofilm growth on aeration performance within the MBBR.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted comparative tests of coarse and fine bubble side aeration systems at various airflow rates.
  • Evaluated aeration efficiency in clean water to understand carrier influence (Chip M type).
  • Assessed performance in wastewater conditions to determine the effect of biofilm growth on carriers.

Main Results:

  • Off-center fine bubble aeration provided adequate mixing without external mixers.
  • Fine bubble side aeration did not yield significant oxygen transfer efficiency advantages over coarse bubble systems.
  • Increased specific airflow rates negatively impacted overall aeration efficiency.
  • Biomass presence positively influenced oxygen transfer yield.

Conclusions:

  • Fine bubble aeration in MBBRs, while ensuring mixing, does not inherently improve oxygen transfer efficiency compared to coarse bubble systems.
  • Biomass accumulation on carriers is crucial for enhancing oxygen transfer in MBBRs.
  • Optimizing airflow rates is essential for maintaining aeration efficiency in MBBR systems.