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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption01:27

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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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Vitamin D and Ageing.

Tom R Hill1,2,3, Antoneta Granic4,5,6, Terence J Aspray7,4,6,8

  • 1Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. Tom.Hill@newcastle.ac.uk.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|February 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and has roles beyond calcium metabolism. This review covers vitamin D

Keywords:
Cognitive healthEpidemiologyMetabolism and functionMortalityMusculoskeletal healthNutritional requirementsVery-old adultsVitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Vitamin D discovered 100 years ago for rickets treatment.
  • Recognized as a nutrient, pro-hormone, and steroid hormone.
  • Vitamin D receptor found in over 30 tissues, indicating broader roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Summarize nutritional aspects of vitamin D.
  • Discuss vitamin D metabolism and requirements in aging.
  • Review vitamin D's impact on age-related health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on vitamin D.
  • Analysis of the Dietary Reference Intake report.
  • Focus on studies in adults aged 85 and older.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D plays a pleiotropic role beyond skeletal health.
  • Growing interest in vitamin D for preventing chronic diseases of aging.
  • Dietary Reference Intake report provides comprehensive guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D status is linked to bone, muscle, cognitive health, and survival in the elderly.
  • Understanding vitamin D metabolism changes with aging is essential.
  • Further research needed on optimal vitamin D intake for healthy aging.