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Summary
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The alignment mode in dry active nematics creates two subclasses based on band instability. A new strong instability causes band breakup, explained by self-propelled rod dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Dry active nematics exhibit coexistence phases between isotropic and fluctuating nematic states.
  • Nematic bands characterize these coexistence phases.
  • The dominant alignment mode influences the system's dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the dominant alignment mode in dry active nematics.
  • To identify and characterize different dynamical subclasses based on nematic band instability.
  • To elucidate the origin of a strong instability leading to band breakup.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of dry active nematic systems.
  • Modeling of self-propelled rods.
  • Hydrodynamic level analysis to determine nonlinear terms.

Main Results:

  • Two dynamical subclasses of dry active nematics were identified based on nematic band instability.
  • A strong instability, distinct from long undulations, can cause nematic bands to break into segments.
  • The origin of this strong instability was elucidated for a realistic model of self-propelled rods.

Conclusions:

  • The dominant alignment mode is crucial for understanding dry active nematics.
  • Nematic band instability dictates the system's dynamical behavior.
  • High-order nonlinear hydrodynamic terms are responsible for the observed strong instability and band breakup.