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Hypothyroxinemia: a subclinical condition affecting neurodevelopment

Pere Berbel1, Juan Bernal2

  • 1a Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Campus de Sant Joan, Apartado de Correos 18, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain. pere.berbel@umh.es.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 21, 2019
PubMed

Hypothyroxinemia with low levels of circulating free thyroxine and normal levels of thyrotropin, which is usually caused by iodine deficiency, may affect pregnant women even in apparently iodine-sufficient areas, and it is debated whether it increases the risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children born to them. Epidemiological observations indeed indicate that this is the case. Animal models show abnormal brain cortical cytoarchitecture in pups born to mildly hypothyroxinemic dams. In regions where the availability and use of iodized salt is inadequate (where <90% of households use iodized salt), the WHO and the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) recommend iodine supplementation so that the total iodine intake is 250 µg/day to prevent iodine deficiency during gestation and lactation.

Keywords:
cerebral cortexiodine deficiency disordersiodine supplementationneurocognitive outcomepregnancytransient hypothyroxinemia of preterm children

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