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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

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Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy: optimizing fetal and maternal outcomes.

Onyebuchi E Okosieme1, John H Lazarus2

  • 1a Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Prince Charles Hospital, Cwm Taf Local Health Board, Merthyr Tydfil, Mid Glamorgan, CF47 9DT, UK. okosiemeoe@cf.ac.uk.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy requires careful management to ensure positive maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are essential for healthy neurodevelopment in offspring.

Keywords:
hyperthyroidismhypothyroidismpostpartum thyroiditispregnancyscreeningthyroid dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy poses risks to maternal, fetal, and neonatal well-being.
  • Uncontrolled hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are linked to adverse obstetrics and fetal outcomes.
  • Impaired neurointellectual development in offspring is associated with maternal thyroid dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize best practices for managing thyroid dysfunction in pregnant patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding thyroid hormone economy changes during pregnancy.
  • To highlight the need for balancing maternal disease control with fetal development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.
  • Summary of established guidelines for diagnosis and management.
  • Emphasis on multidisciplinary care and continuous monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Appropriate management leads to excellent outcomes despite thyroid dysfunction.
  • Understanding physiological thyroid changes in pregnancy is key for accurate assessment.
  • Careful monitoring and treatment adjustments are crucial throughout pregnancy and postpartum.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is achievable.
  • Multidisciplinary care and individualized treatment are vital for optimal results.
  • Early detection and intervention are critical for maternal and fetal health.