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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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miRNAs and diabetes mellitus.

Dwi Setyowati Karolina1, Arunmozhiarasi Armugam1, Sugunavathi Sepramaniam1

  • 1a Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as early biomarkers for diabetes, a chronic condition affecting millions. This review explores their role in diabetes and its complications, highlighting potential new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
diabetesgene regulatorsinsulin signalinglipid metabolismmiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Genetics and Genomics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a global health crisis characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
  • Current diagnostic methods often detect diabetes in later stages, leading to severe multi-organ complications.
  • The economic burden of long-term diabetes management is substantial, necessitating novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential early diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes.
  • To explore the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its associated complications.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in managing diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating miRNA expression profiles in diabetes.
  • Analysis of research linking altered miRNA levels to diabetic complications such as neuropathy and vasculopathy.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Evidence indicates significant alterations in specific miRNA expression patterns in diabetic patients.
  • Dysregulated miRNAs are implicated in the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes development and progression.
  • miRNAs are associated with key diabetic complications, including nerve and blood vessel damage.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs represent promising candidates for early diabetes detection and risk assessment.
  • Targeting miRNAs may offer novel therapeutic avenues for preventing or treating diabetes and its complications.
  • Further research is warranted to translate miRNA findings into clinical applications for diabetes management.