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Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), a significant threat to African rice crops, has been detected in Uganda. This finding is crucial for managing the disease as rice cultivation expands in the region.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) is a major biotic constraint to rice production in Africa, first identified in Kenya in 1966.
  • RYMV has since been detected in most African countries where rice (Oryza sativa) is cultivated.
  • RYMV belongs to the genus Sobemovirus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first detection of RYMV in Uganda.
  • To characterize the RYMV isolates found in Uganda.
  • To understand the genetic relatedness of Ugandan RYMV isolates to other African strains.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyclonal RYMV antisera for detection.
  • Discriminant monoclonal antibodies for serotyping.
  • Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the coat protein gene.
  • Nucleotide sequencing of the coat protein gene.

Main Results:

  • RYMV was detected in four symptomatic rice samples from Uganda.
  • The Ugandan isolates were identified as RYMV serotype 4, prevalent in eastern Africa.
  • Nucleotide sequence identity of 99% was found between the two sequenced Ugandan isolates.
  • Ugandan isolates form a distinct monophyletic group closely related to strains from Kenya and Tanzania near Lake Victoria.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of RYMV in Uganda is confirmed, with isolates belonging to serotype 4.
  • The genetic data indicate a close relationship between Ugandan isolates and those from the Lake Victoria region of eastern Africa.
  • This finding is significant given the intensification of rice cultivation in Uganda and planned expansion in southern Sudan.