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Determination of Self- and Inter-incompatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
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Plum Pox Virus Mixed Infection Detected on Apricot in Pakistan
E Kollerová1, S Nováková1, Z Šubr1
1Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Plant Disease
|February 21, 2019
Summary
Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), was detected in apricot trees in Pakistan for the first time. The study identified two PPV subgroups, PPV-D and PPV-Rec, indicating a mixed infection and highlighting the need for further research in Asia.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Sharka, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is a significant viral disease affecting stone fruit trees globally.
- PPV has been reported across Europe, Asia Minor, the Mediterranean Basin, and sporadically in the Americas.
- Six PPV subgroups are recognized, with PPV-D, PPV-M, and PPV-Rec being the most prevalent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the occurrence of PPV in apricot trees in Pakistan.
- To characterize the molecular variability and subgroup affiliation of PPV isolates found in Pakistan.
- To determine if mixed infections of PPV exist in the region.
Main Methods:
- Symptomatic apricot leaves were collected from Baltistan District, Pakistan.
- Detection of PPV was performed using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and immunoblot analysis.
- Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the capsid protein (CP) gene, followed by cloning and sequence analysis.
Main Results:
- PPV was detected in symptomatic apricot trees in Pakistan, marking the first report of the virus in the country.
- Sequence analysis revealed a mixed infection with two distinct PPV isolates: PPV-D and PPV-Rec.
- The identified PPV-D and PPV-Rec isolates showed high nucleotide identity with known European strains, with no unique Pakistani clustering observed.
Conclusions:
- This study confirms the presence of PPV in Pakistan and identifies the PPV-Rec subgroup outside of Europe for the first time.
- The findings underscore the importance of monitoring PPV spread and molecular diversity in Asia, especially given its presence in neighboring China and Kazakhstan.
- Further epidemiological studies are recommended to understand the implications of PPV in the region.
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