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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Acute encephalitis in immunocompetent adults.

Arun Venkatesan¹, Benedict D Michael², John C Probasco¹

¹Johns Hopkins Encephalitis Center, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Lancet (London, England)

|February 21, 2019

Summary

This seminar reviews acute encephalitis, a brain inflammation with infectious or autoimmune origins. It highlights diagnostic tools like MRI and novel sequencing, alongside treatments for viral and autoimmune causes.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Encephalitis is brain inflammation from infections or autoimmunity, potentially causing severe neurological deficits.
Viral infections are common causes, but anti-neuronal antibody syndromes are increasingly recognized.
Acute encephalitis presents diagnostic and management challenges in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis in adults.
To discuss the roles of various etiologies, including viral, autoimmune, and other infectious pathogens.
To cover modern diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature and clinical practices regarding encephalitis.
Discussion of diagnostic modalities: cerebrospinal fluid analysis, MRI, and next-generation sequencing.
Analysis of management strategies, including supportive care and immunomodulatory therapies.

Main Results:

Viral and autoimmune causes are prominent, necessitating distinct diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Advanced diagnostics like next-generation sequencing improve etiological identification.
Effective management involves addressing acute neurological complications and targeted immunosuppression for autoimmune cases.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis and timely management are crucial for improving outcomes in acute encephalitis.
Integrated approaches combining infectious disease and neuroimmunology expertise are essential.
Further research is needed to address remaining diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic challenges.