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General Aspects of Primary Cancer Prevention
Miodrag N Krstic1, Dragana D Mijac2, Dusan D Popovic2
1Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Canter of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, krstic.miodrag61@gmail.com.
Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 21, 2019
Summary
Preventive strategies, including lifestyle changes and medications like aspirin, show promise in reducing cancer incidence and mortality, especially for gastrointestinal cancers. Further research is needed to optimize chemoprevention in digestive oncology.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Preventive Medicine
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, with gastrointestinal cancers showing a concerning increasing trend.
- Despite advancements, cancer incidence and mortality rates, particularly for GI cancers, are not adequately controlled.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current progress and challenges in cancer prevention strategies.
- To highlight promising agents and approaches for reducing cancer incidence and mortality, with a focus on gastrointestinal cancers.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical and population-based clinical studies on cancer prevention.
- Analysis of various preventive strategies including lifestyle modifications, screening, vaccines, and chemopreventive agents.
Main Results:
- Long-term aspirin use demonstrates significant potential in reducing overall cancer incidence and mortality, especially for GI cancers.
- Helicobacter pylori eradication is recommended for gastric cancer prevention.
- Metformin, statins, and Vitamin D show promise for specific populations and conditions.
Conclusions:
- While progress has been made, the full potential of cancer prevention strategies is yet to be realized.
- Balancing risks and benefits is a key challenge in implementing preventive measures.
- Further research is essential to identify targeted agents for effective chemoprevention in digestive oncology.
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