The structure-activity relationship (SAR) for phthalate-mediated developmental and reproductive toxicity in males
Xiaoheng Li1, Jiaying Mo1, Qiqi Zhu1
1Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Abstract:
Testicular dysgenesis syndrome includes the hypospadias, cryptorchidism and abnormal fetal testis in male neonate. This is possibly caused by the environmental phthalates, which down-regulate the expression of androgen synthetic genes and Insl3 or directly inhibits steroidogenic enzymes. There are distinct structure-activity relationships (SARs) for phthalate-mediated developmental and reproductive toxicity. Here, we review the SAR for phthalate-mediated testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Of phthalates of straight side chains, C5-C6 ones are the most potent, C4 or C7 are moderate, C3 is weakest, and C1-2 or C8-13 are ineffective. The branching and unsaturation of side chains increases the toxicity. The cycling of side chains does not increase the toxicity.
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