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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

21.0K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.5K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

88.9K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
88.9K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

23.8K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

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Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Morphology-Dependent Luminescence in Complex Liquid Colloids.

Che-Jen Lin1, Lukas Zeininger1, Suchol Savagatrup1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed novel green fluorescence protein chromophore (GFPc) surfactants for complex liquid colloids, enabling sensitive biosensing. These environmentally responsive surfactants allow real-time monitoring of morphology changes and enzyme activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Complex liquid colloids offer tunable properties for sensing applications.
  • Green fluorescence protein chromophore (GFPc) derivatives can be engineered as functional surfactants.
  • Interface localization of surfactants influences colloidal behavior and optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce meta-amino substituted GFPc surfactants for complex liquid colloids.
  • To investigate the morphology-dependent fluorescence and environmental responsiveness of these novel surfactants.
  • To demonstrate a biosensing application utilizing enzyme activity for fluorescence turn-on.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of meta-amino GFPc surfactants.
  • Study of GFPc surfactant localization at organic-water interfaces.
  • Analysis of fluorescence quenching and recovery in response to protic solvents and morphology changes.
  • Development of an enzyme-triggered fluorescence turn-on system using an oligopeptide-linked GFPc.

Main Results:

  • Meta-amino GFPc surfactants localize at interfaces and exhibit hydrogen-bonding mediated fluorescence quenching.
  • Fluorescence intensity is dependent on colloid morphology and surfactant interactions.
  • The developed system allows visualization of morphological changes in complex emulsions.
  • An enzyme activity-based fluorescence turn-on scheme was successfully demonstrated, with trypsin cleavage triggering a signal.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorescent complex colloids functionalized with GFPc surfactants provide a new platform for biosensing.
  • The environmentally responsive nature of these surfactants enables real-time monitoring of dynamic processes.
  • This approach offers a novel method for detecting enzyme activity in liquid environments.