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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

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The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
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Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

Veins of Upper Limbs

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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Grasping Abilities for Hemiplegic Patients with Flexible Robotic Limbs
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User satisfaction with lower limb wearable robotic exoskeletons.

Julia M P Poritz1, Heather B Taylor2, Gerard Francisco3,4

  • 1Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX, USA.

Disability and Rehabilitation. Assistive Technology
|February 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

User satisfaction varied between the REX and Ekso robotic exoskeletons. Participants preferred REX for transfers and appearance, and Ekso for transportability, indicating potential for home and community use.

Keywords:
Wearable roboticsexoskeletonuser feedbackuser satisfaction

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Engineering
  • Human-Robot Interaction
  • Assistive Technology

Background:

  • Robotic exoskeletons offer mobility assistance for individuals with physical disabilities.
  • Understanding user satisfaction is crucial for the development and adoption of assistive technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare user satisfaction between two robotic exoskeletons: the REX and Ekso 1.1 (Ekso).
  • To identify specific aspects of each exoskeleton that contribute to user satisfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Seven individuals with physical disabilities participated in training with both exoskeletons.
  • User satisfaction was assessed using a questionnaire with Likert scale and free-response questions.
  • Quantitative data were averaged and compared; qualitative data were thematically interpreted.

Main Results:

  • Participants reported higher satisfaction with REX for transfers and appearance.
  • Participants reported higher satisfaction with Ekso for transportability.
  • Users indicated a moderate likelihood of using both exoskeletons in home and community settings.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides an initial comparison of user satisfaction with two robotic exoskeletons.
  • User feedback is essential for advancing exoskeleton technology in rehabilitation.
  • The findings contribute valuable insights for future exoskeleton design and research.