Eosinophilic Esophagitis-A Primer for Otolaryngologists

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Allergy and Immunology
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic esophageal inflammatory disease with increasing prevalence.
• EoE presents with varied gastrointestinal and otolaryngologic symptoms, often mimicking other conditions.
• Associated atopic conditions like asthma and food allergies are common in EoE patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the increasing encounter of EoE by otolaryngologists.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing diverse EoE presentations in different age groups.
• To underscore the necessity of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent esophageal damage.

Main Methods:

• Diagnosis relies on endoscopy with biopsies showing eosinophil-predominant inflammation.
• Treatment strategies include dietary changes, medications, and esophageal dilation (the 3 Ds).

Main Results:

• Untreated EoE can lead to irreversible esophageal fibrosis and strictures.
• Otolaryngologic symptoms such as chronic cough and hoarseness can be associated with EoE.
• EoE diagnosis requires specific esophageal biopsy findings.

Conclusions:

• Otolaryngologists need familiarity with EoE's varied clinical presentations.
• Early identification and management of EoE are crucial for mitigating long-term complications.
• Prompt treatment can prevent structural damage and functional impairment of the esophagus.