Programming Rotary Motions with a Hexagonal DNA Nanomachine.

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biochemistry
• Molecular Engineering

Background:

• Biological systems utilize complex molecular machines for mechanical functions, exemplified by ATP synthase.
• DNA nanotechnology offers a versatile platform for constructing nanoscale devices with programmable functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate a DNA-based rotary nanomachine capable of precise, stepwise angular movements.
• To utilize this nanomachine for controlled spatial organization of cascade enzymes.
• To investigate the regulation of biocatalytic activity through programmed rotations.

Main Methods:

• Design and fabrication of a three-armed DNA nanostructure (TAN) capable of hexagonal programmed rotations.
• Utilizing DNA fuels to power the stepwise rotational movements of the TAN.
• Employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) for structural confirmation and fluorescent measurements for monitoring rotational steps.
• Spatially arranging glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes using the TAN.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated precise 60° stepwise rotations of the DNA nanomachine, confirmed by AFM.
• Successfully monitored directional rotations using fluorescent measurements.
• Achieved multistep regulation of cascade enzyme activities (GOx/HRP) through controlled TAN rotations.
• Showcased four distinct spatial arrangements of the cascade enzymes.

Conclusions:

• Presents a novel rotary nanodevice with precise angular and directional control.
• Provides a nanoscale mechanical engineering platform for organizing and controlling reactive molecular components.
• Highlights the potential of DNA-based frameworks for constructing advanced nanofactories.