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Foot strike pattern, step rate, and trunk posture combined gait modifications to reduce impact loading during running
Yangjian Huang1, Haisheng Xia1, Gang Chen2
1State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Journal of Biomechanics
|February 23, 2019
Summary
Runners can reduce injury risks by modifying their gait. Combining a forefoot strike with a faster step rate significantly lowers impact loading, unlike a rearfoot strike with forward trunk lean.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Running Injury Prevention
Background:
- High impact loading during running is associated with tibial stress fractures and plantar fasciitis.
- Understanding gait mechanics is crucial for mitigating running-related injuries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the combined effects of foot strike pattern, step rate, and anterior trunk lean on running impact loading.
- To identify gait modifications that minimize detrimental impact forces.
Main Methods:
- Nineteen healthy runners participated in 12 distinct gait modification trials.
- Variations included three foot strike patterns (rearfoot, midfoot, forefoot), two step rates (natural, 10% increased), and two trunk lean angles (natural, 10° increased flexion).
Main Results:
- Forefoot strike combined with an increased step rate resulted in the lowest impact loading rates.
- Rearfoot strike combined with anterior trunk lean produced the highest impact loading rates.
- Combined gait modifications (forefoot strike + increased step rate) were perceived as more natural and less effortful than isolated changes.
Conclusions:
- Gait modifications, specifically forefoot strike and increased step rate, can effectively reduce running impact loading.
- These findings offer practical strategies for runners to decrease the risk of common lower extremity injuries.
- Optimizing gait parameters is key to enhancing running performance and safety.
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