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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Quantum interface of an electron and a nuclear ensemble.

D A Gangloff1, G Éthier-Majcher2, C Lang2

  • 1Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK. dag50@cam.ac.uk ma424@cam.ac.uk.

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Researchers developed a method to control nuclear spin ensembles in quantum dots, creating a potential quantum memory. This breakthrough enables coherent manipulation of spin waves for quantum information storage and solid-state quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Quantum Many-Body Systems

Background:

  • Quantum many-body phenomena rely on coherent excitation of quantum objects.
  • Quantum memories are crucial for storing quantum information.
  • A deterministic, coherent interface between spin qubits and ensembles is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a deterministic and coherent interface between a spin qubit and a nuclear spin ensemble.
  • To engineer a local quantum memory for individual quantum-dot spin qubits.
  • To advance solid-state platforms for quantum-state engineering of many-body systems.

Main Methods:

  • Electron cooling of a mesoscopic nuclear spin ensemble in a semiconductor quantum dot to the nuclear sideband-resolved regime.
  • Implementation of an all-optical approach for accessing quantized electronic-nuclear spin transitions.
  • Performing coherent optical rotations on a single collective nuclear spin excitation (spin wave).

Main Results:

  • Achieved cooling of nuclear spin ensembles to the nuclear sideband-resolved regime.
  • Demonstrated all-optical access to individual quantized electronic-nuclear spin transitions.
  • Successfully performed coherent optical rotations of a single collective nuclear spin excitation.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides essential building blocks for a local quantum memory associated with each quantum-dot spin qubit.
  • The developed techniques pave the way for a solid-state platform for quantum-state engineering of isolated many-body systems.
  • This work addresses the long-standing challenge of creating a coherent interface for quantum information storage.