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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.6K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Monitoring Protein Adsorption with Solid-state Nanopores
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Silicon substrate effects on ionic current blockade in solid-state nanopores.

Makusu Tsutsui1, Kazumichi Yokota, Tomoko Nakada

  • 1The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan. tsutsui@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp washio@ar.sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp kawai@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Nanoscale
|February 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silicon substrate composition significantly impacts solid-state nanopore sensor performance. Non-doped silicon enhances temporal resolution by reducing chip capacitance, leading to sharper ionic current blockade signals for nanoparticle detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Solid-state nanopores are crucial for detecting nanoparticles via ionic current blockade.
  • Capacitance effects in nanopore sensors can significantly influence signal quality and temporal resolution.
  • Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a common material for nanopore fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how silicon substrate material composition affects ionic current blockade in solid-state nanopores.
  • To understand the role of substrate capacitance in signal retardation and temporal resolution.
  • To optimize solid-state nanopore sensor design for improved nanoparticle detection.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of solid-state nanopores using silicon nitride (Si3N4) membranes.
  • Support of nanopores on both doped and non-doped silicon wafers.
  • Measurement and analysis of ionic current blockade signals during nanoparticle detection.

Main Results:

  • Doped silicon substrates resulted in blunted resistive pulses due to high capacitance from ultrathin membranes.
  • Non-doped silicon substrates led to sharper signal features, indicating improved temporal resolution.
  • The thick intrinsic semiconductor layer of non-doped silicon effectively reduced net chip capacitance.

Conclusions:

  • Silicon substrate composition is critical for managing capacitance effects in solid-state nanopore sensors.
  • Non-doped silicon substrates offer superior spatiotemporal resolution for ionic current measurements.
  • Strategic selection of silicon substrate materials is essential for enhancing nanopore sensor performance.