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Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
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Portable System for Time-Domain Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy.

Davide Tamborini, Kimberly A Stephens, Melissa M Wu

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |February 23, 2019
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a portable time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) system for clinical studies. This advanced system enhances blood flow measurement depth and spatial resolution compared to existing methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Medical Instrumentation
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) is crucial for non-invasive blood flow monitoring.
    • Existing DCS systems often lack portability and optimal spatial resolution for clinical applications.
    • Advancements in pulsed laser technology and single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) offer opportunities to improve DCS systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and characterize a novel portable time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) system for clinical studies.
    • To evaluate the performance of different lasers and detectors for portable DCS.
    • To demonstrate the system's capability for resolving subsurface blood flow with enhanced depth sensitivity and spatial resolution.

    Main Methods:

    • System development utilizing a pulsed laser (550 ps pulsewidth) and two types of SPADs (red-enhanced and CMOS).
    • Component selection based on efficiency, timing response, and signal-to-noise ratio optimization.
    • Comprehensive system characterization, including measurement stability, phantom validation, and preliminary in vivo studies on human subjects.

    Main Results:

    • The portable TD-DCS system was successfully developed and characterized.
    • Red-enhanced SPADs improved light detection and signal-to-noise ratio.
    • CMOS SPADs enhanced late photon selection, improving spatial resolution.
    • The system resolved blood flow changes 1 cm below the skin surface.
    • Preliminary in vivo results demonstrated feasibility in healthy subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed portable TD-DCS system offers improved depth sensitivity and spatial resolution for clinical blood flow monitoring.
    • The system's design, leveraging specific laser and SPAD technologies, enables enhanced performance.
    • This technology holds promise for advancing non-invasive hemodynamic assessments in clinical settings.