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Related Concept Videos

Therapeutic Index01:13

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The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
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Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
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Simultaneous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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[Chylothorax: Current Therapeutic Options].

Hans Heinz Schild1, Claus Pieper1

  • 1Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Deutschland.

Zentralblatt Fur Chirurgie
|February 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chylothorax management includes conservative, surgical, and interventional options. Interventional procedures, like thoracic duct embolization, offer lower morbidity and mortality, especially for inoperable patients or after surgical failure.

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic surgery
  • Interventional radiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Chylothorax management involves conservative, surgical, and interventional approaches.
  • Knowledge of interventional options, particularly thoracic duct embolization, remains limited despite frequent use.
  • Interventional treatments are increasingly recognized for their efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current therapeutic options for chylothorax.
  • To emphasize the role and techniques of radiological and interventional procedures.
  • To highlight the benefits of interventional management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chylothorax management.
  • Focus on interventional radiology techniques for thoracic duct embolization.
  • Analysis of morbidity and mortality data for different treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Interventional treatment, including thoracic duct embolization, is a viable option for chylothorax.
  • Radiological/interventional procedures demonstrate lower morbidity and mortality rates.
  • These interventions are particularly indicated for patients with failed surgical therapy or those who are inoperable.

Conclusions:

  • Interventional management represents a significant advancement in treating chylothorax.
  • Thoracic duct embolization is a key interventional technique with favorable outcomes.
  • Interventional approaches should be considered as a primary or secondary treatment option.