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Viroid Prevalence in Tunisian Citrus.

A Najar¹, N Duran-Vila²

¹Institut de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia.

|February 24, 2019

Summary

Tunisian citrus cultivars are widely infected with multiple viroids, including Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), and Citrus viroid III (CVd-III). This widespread viroid infection necessitates exploring new rootstocks for tristeza-tolerant citrus production.

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Area of Science:

Plant Pathology
Horticulture
Virology

Background:

The Tunisian citrus industry relies on local cultivars, with sour orange as the primary rootstock.
Tristeza disease poses a significant threat to Tunisian citrus production.
Viroid sensitivity in promising rootstocks necessitates an assessment of current citrus cultivar infection status.

Purpose of the Study:

To survey symptomless citrus cultivars in Tunisia for viroid infections.
To identify specific viroids and their combinations present in Tunisian citrus.
To inform the selection of alternative rootstocks for tristeza-tolerant citrus production.

Main Methods:

Graft-inoculation of Etrog citron with tissue from 174 symptomless citrus sources.
Observation of viroid infection symptoms in indicator plants.
Analysis using sequential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and molecular hybridization with viroid-specific probes.

Main Results:

All surveyed citrus sources were infected with at least two viroids.
Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), and Citrus viroid III (CVd-III) were highly prevalent.
CEVd+HSVd+CVd-III and CEVd+CVd-III were the most frequent viroid combinations found.

Conclusions:

Widespread viroid infection in Tunisian citrus cultivars presents a challenge for developing tristeza-tolerant rootstock/scion combinations.
The high prevalence of CEVd, HSVd, and CVd-III indicates a need for careful rootstock selection.
Further research is required to identify and implement alternative rootstocks resistant to both tristeza and prevalent viroids.