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Contact-Based Methods for Measuring Respiratory Rate.

Carlo Massaroni1, Andrea Nicolò2, Daniela Lo Presti3

  • 1Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy. c.massaroni@unicampus.it.

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Summary
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This paper reviews contact-based methods for measuring respiratory rate, a vital sign. It details various techniques, their principles, and applications for respiratory monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiological Monitoring

Background:

  • Respiratory rate is a critical vital sign requiring accurate measurement in diverse settings.
  • Contact-based methods are widely used for respiratory rate monitoring, attaching sensors to the body.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of existing contact-based methods for respiratory rate measurement.
  • To analyze the working principles, metrological characteristics, and applications of these methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of contact-based respiratory monitoring techniques.
  • Categorization based on measured physiological variables: airflow, sounds, chest wall movement, cardiac activity modulation, etc.
  • Analysis of sensor attachment and working principles.

Main Results:

  • Detailed presentation of methods including respiratory airflow, sounds, air temperature, humidity, components, chest wall movements, and cardiac activity modulation.
  • Discussion of metrological characteristics and practical applications for each method.
  • Identification of areas for potential development and future applicability.

Conclusions:

  • Contact-based methods offer a range of options for respiratory rate monitoring.
  • Understanding the principles and characteristics of each method is crucial for selecting appropriate applications.
  • Further development can enhance the utility and accuracy of these vital sign monitoring tools.