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Some chemotactic mutants can be progress through development in chimeric populations.

Yuya Kida1, Kai Pan1, Hidekazu Kuwayama1

  • 1Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.

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Dictyostelium discoideum can complete morphogenesis without chemotaxis to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This study demonstrates that cell migration dependent on cAMP gradients is not essential for multicellular development in this slime mold.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cell migration is crucial for morphogenesis, guided by morphogen gradients like cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).
  • In Dictyostelium discoideum, cAMP-chemotaxis is considered vital for early morphogenesis and the formation of multicellular structures.
  • The cAMP receptor cAR1 and G-protein signaling are known regulators of chemotaxis and aggregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether Dictyostelium discoideum morphogenesis can occur independently of cAMP-chemotaxis-dependent cell migration.
  • To determine the role of extracellular cAMP gradients in multicellular pattern formation during later developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Gβ-null cells with temperature-sensitive Gβ to assess the necessity of cAMP production for aggregation and morphogenesis.
  • Mixed mutant cells with wild-type Dictyostelium discoideum cells to observe rescue effects on aggregation and migration.
  • Examined KI-5 cells and cells lacking tgrB1 and tgrC1 adhesion molecules to evaluate their migratory and morphogenetic behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Dictyostelium discoideum successfully completed morphogenesis even without cAMP-chemotaxis-dependent cell migration.
  • Gβ-null cells, when mixed with wild-type cells, aggregated and underwent normal morphogenesis, indicating a rescue effect.
  • KI-5 cells exhibited spontaneous migration towards a wild-type tip and normal morphogenesis and differentiation, unlike cells lacking specific adhesion molecules.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular cAMP gradients and associated cell migration may not be strictly required for multicellular pattern formation in the later stages of Dictyostelium development.
  • The study challenges the established model of cAMP-chemotaxis being essential for Dictyostelium morphogenesis.
  • Alternative mechanisms might contribute to cell aggregation and pattern formation in Dictyostelium discoideum development.