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Notch Signaling Pathway

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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The Evidence for Evolution

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

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Acquiring Control: The Evolution of Stomatal Signalling Pathways.

Frances C Sussmilch¹, Jörg Schultz², Rainer Hedrich¹

¹Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.

Trends in Plant Science

|February 25, 2019

Summary

Plant stomata regulate gas exchange and water loss. Evolution of signaling pathways controlling stomatal movement in angiosperms involves gene presence, expression, and protein interactions, influencing sensitivity across plant groups.

Keywords:

CO(2)abscisic acid (ABA)evolution light signalling pathway stomata

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Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Evolutionary Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Stomata are crucial for plant survival, balancing carbon dioxide uptake with water loss.
Three major signaling pathways (light, CO2, and abscisic acid) regulate stomatal movements in angiosperms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolutionary origins of key signaling genes controlling stomatal movements.
To compare gene expression patterns in an angiosperm and a moss to understand evolutionary divergence.
To propose mechanisms underlying variations in stomatal sensitivity across plant groups.

Main Methods:

Analysis of evolutionary origins of signaling genes.
Comparative gene expression analysis between an angiosperm and a moss.
Examination of protein characteristics and functional interactions.

Main Results:

Identified key signaling genes involved in stomatal control pathways.
Observed differences in gene presence, spatial expression patterns, and protein interactions between plant groups.
Highlighted variations in stomatal sensitivity linked to evolutionary changes in signaling components.

Conclusions:

Evolutionary history of signaling pathways significantly impacts stomatal function.
Differences in gene repertoire, expression specificity, and protein interactions explain variations in stomatal sensitivity.
Understanding these evolutionary underpinnings is vital for predicting plant responses to environmental changes.