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Oriented Cell Divisions Are Not Required for Drosophila Wing Shape.

Zhenru Zhou1, Herve Alégot1, Kenneth D Irvine1

  • 1Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|February 26, 2019
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Summary

Oriented cell divisions are not essential for Drosophila wing shape. Instead, tissue-wide stresses guide overall cell arrangement, demonstrating a novel mechanism for organ morphogenesis.

Keywords:
cell divisionmorphogenesisshapespindle orientationwing

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Organ shape is crucial for function, with spindle orientation previously thought to be a key factor in Drosophila wing elongation.
  • Mutations affecting the Dachsous-Fat pathway disrupt spindle orientation and wing shape, suggesting a link between the two.
  • The Drosophila NuMA homolog, Mud, is involved in spindle orientation, making it a candidate for studying its role in morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly investigate the contribution of spindle orientation to Drosophila wing morphogenesis.
  • To determine if loss of Mud, which randomizes spindle orientation, affects wing shape.
  • To explore alternative mechanisms driving organ shape determination.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed the consequences of loss of the Drosophila NuMA homolog, Mud, on wing shape.
  • Analyzed cell growth and dynamics in developing wing discs and in ex vivo culture.
  • Observed spindle orientation and cell rearrangement patterns in Mud-deficient cells.

Main Results:

  • Loss of Mud randomized spindle orientation but did not alter Drosophila wing shape.
  • The absence of oriented cell divisions was compensated by increased cell rearrangements contributing to wing shape.
  • These findings indicate that oriented cell divisions are not required for wing or other appendage morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Organ shape, like Drosophila wing morphology, is not dependent on oriented cell divisions.
  • Cellular rearrangements play a significant role in achieving correct organ shape.
  • Tissue-wide stresses, rather than individual cell behaviors, may dictate overall organ architecture.