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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Isolation and Propagation of Circulating Tumor Cells from a Mouse Cancer Model
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Metastasis Stemming from Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters.

Min Yu1

  • 1Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology
|February 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters are more adept at forming metastases. Their physical state influences stem cell transcription factor accessibility, revealing new epigenetic regulation mechanisms for CTC cluster stemness.

Keywords:
circulating tumor cellclustersepigeneticsmetastasisstemness

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Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters show a greater potential for metastasis initiation than single CTCs.
  • The mechanisms underlying this enhanced metastatic capacity remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding CTC cluster behavior is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors contributing to the enhanced metastatic potential of CTC clusters.
  • To explore the relationship between the physical state of CTC clusters and their 'stemness'.
  • To elucidate the epigenetic regulation of stemness in CTC clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the physical properties of CTC clusters.
  • Assessment of the accessibility of stem cell-related transcription factors within clusters.
  • Investigation of epigenetic modifications associated with cluster formation and stemness.

Main Results:

  • The physical state of CTC clusters is linked to increased accessibility of stem cell-related transcription factors.
  • This accessibility is a key factor in conferring enhanced 'stemness' to CTC clusters.
  • Novel insights into the epigenetic regulation governing stemness in CTC clusters were provided.

Conclusions:

  • The physical characteristics of CTC clusters play a significant role in their metastatic advantage.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly the regulation of transcription factor accessibility, are critical for CTC cluster stemness.
  • Targeting these mechanisms could offer new therapeutic strategies against metastasis.