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Gynecomastia - Conservative and Surgical Management
1Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Breast Care (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 26, 2019
Summary
Gynecomastia, or male breast enlargement, affects up to 65% of men. Identifying its hormonal imbalance causes and differentiating it from pseudogynecomastia is key for effective treatment, ranging from medication to surgery.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- General Surgery
Background:
- Gynecomastia is defined as persistent benign enlargement of male mammary glands.
- It affects up to 65% of men, often asymptomatically.
- Distinguishing true gynecomastia from pseudogynecomastia and ruling out male breast cancer is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse causes of gynecomastia.
- To outline diagnostic considerations and therapeutic options.
- To emphasize the importance of patient history in management.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on gynecomastia causes and treatments.
- Emphasis on clinical examination to differentiate true gynecomastia.
- Discussion of hormonal imbalances and contributing factors.
Main Results:
- Diverse causes include endogenous diseases (hyperthyroidism, liver disease, gonadal failure), medications, and drug abuse.
- Hormonal imbalance (female to male) is the primary trigger.
- Tamoxifen is a potential early-stage drug therapy.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis requires understanding triggers and medication history.
- Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for persistent gynecomastia (>12 months).
- A tailored management approach ensures high patient satisfaction.
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