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Weighted-Ball Velocity Enhancement Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review
Jon-Michael E Caldwell1, Frank J Alexander1, Christopher S Ahmad1
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
|February 26, 2019
Summary
Weighted-ball training may enhance pitching velocity but lacks robust evidence. Current research is insufficient to determine injury risks associated with this popular baseball training method.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Biomechanics
- Baseball Performance
Background:
- Weighted-ball training is increasingly popular in baseball.
- Efficacy and safety of weighted-ball training remain debated.
- Lack of consensus on optimal protocols and outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review evidence on weighted-ball training and pitching velocity.
- To assess the risk of injury associated with weighted-ball training.
- To evaluate the quality of existing research.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of peer-reviewed articles (Level of Evidence, 4).
- Searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ProQuest Physical Education Index.
- Included studies on baseball pitchers using weighted balls; excluded reviews and non-peer-reviewed articles.
Main Results:
- 10 articles met inclusion criteria from 4119 initial titles.
- Most studies indicated an increase in pitching velocity.
- Evidence quality was poor with significant heterogeneity in protocols and populations.
Conclusions:
- Weighted-ball training appears to increase pitching velocity.
- Insufficient evidence exists to determine injury risks.
- Further high-quality research is needed to validate efficacy and safety.
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