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Practice-induced functional plasticity in inhibitory control interacts with aging.

Lea Hartmann1, Laura Wachtl1, Marzia de Lucia2

  • 1Neurology Unit, Medicine Section, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

Brain and Cognition
|February 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Practicing inhibitory control tasks leads to different brain changes in older adults compared to young adults. This suggests that inhibition training may increase age-related differences in cognitive function.

Keywords:
AgingERPInhibitory controlPlasticitySource estimationsTopography

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Inhibitory control deficits are a hallmark of cognitive aging.
  • Inhibitory control training is explored as a method to mitigate age-related cognitive decline.
  • Understanding the brain changes from such training in older adults is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional brain changes associated with inhibitory control task practice in older adults.
  • To compare these changes with those in young adults.
  • To determine if practice reinforces or reduces compensatory brain activity in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical neuroimaging analyses of event-related potentials (ERPs) during a Go/NoGo task practice.
  • Comparison between young and older adults across the beginning and end of the practice session.
  • Topographic ERP analyses and source estimations.

Main Results:

  • Practice had a similar small effect on performance in both age groups.
  • Older adults showed decreased supplementary motor area activity and increased left ventrolateral prefrontal activity with practice.
  • Young adults did not exhibit these specific changes.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibitory control task practice induces distinct neural changes in older adults compared to young adults.
  • These practice-induced changes in older adults may enhance age-related functional divergences.
  • The findings highlight the complex impact of cognitive training on aging brains.