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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Gelatin Methacryloyl Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds: High-throughput Microgel Fabrication, Lyophilization, Chemical Assembly, and 3D Bioprinting
Published on: December 9, 2022
Stability improvement and characterization of bioprinted pectin-based scaffold
Samuel Stealey1, Xiaoru Guo2, Lixia Ren3
11 Physics and Chemistry Department, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Purpose::
Bioprinting is an alternative method for constructing tissues/organs for transplantation. This study investigated the cross-linker influence and post-printing modification using oligochitosan and chitosan for stability improvement.
Methods::
Oligochitosan was tested as a novel cross-linker to replace Ca2+ for pectin-based bio-ink. Oligochitosan (2 kD) and different molecular weight of chitosan were used to modify the bioprinted scaffold. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the scaffolds.
Results::
Oligochitosan failed to serve as a viable cross-linker. Successful post-printing modification was confirmed by FTIR and SEM analyses.
Conclusion::
Regarding post-modification, chitosan-treated scaffolds showed enhanced stability compared to untreated scaffolds. In particular, scaffolds modified with 150 kD chitosan exhibited the highest stability.
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