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Nitrogen-fixing red alder trees tap rock-derived nutrients.

Steven S Perakis1, Julie C Pett-Ridge2

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Nitrogen-fixing trees not only enrich forests with nitrogen but also enhance access to essential rock-derived nutrients like phosphorus and calcium. This study provides field evidence of this accelerated nutrient cycling, boosting forest growth and carbon storage.

Keywords:
biogeochemistryforestmineral weatheringnitrogen fixationstrontium isotopes

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Forest Science

Background:

  • Nitrogen (N)-fixing trees are crucial for forest ecosystems, increasing soil fertility, growth, and carbon storage.
  • N-fixers have high demands for rock-derived nutrients (e.g., phosphorus [P], calcium [Ca]) and can accelerate their cycling.
  • Direct field evidence linking N fixation to enhanced rock-derived nutrient uptake and mineral weathering has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether N-fixing trees have enhanced access to rock-derived nutrients compared to non-fixing trees.
  • To provide field evidence for the link between symbiotic nitrogen fixation and accelerated mineral weathering in forests.
  • To quantify the increased nutrient uptake and weathering supply required by N-fixing trees.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized strontium (Sr) isotopes as a tracer to differentiate nutrient sources in a mixed-species temperate rainforest.
  • Compared Sr isotope uptake in the N-fixing tree red alder (Alnus rubra) against five co-occurring non-fixing tree species.
  • Analyzed foliar and soil exchangeable Sr isotopes to assess nutrient accessibility and sources.

Main Results:

  • N-fixing red alder showed significantly higher uptake of rock-derived Sr (8–18% more) than non-fixing species.
  • Foliar Sr isotopes in N-fixers differed significantly from soil pools, indicating enhanced rock-derived nutrient access.
  • Calculations suggest a 64% increase in weathering supply is needed to meet the increased nutrient demand of N-fixing alder.

Conclusions:

  • Provides direct field evidence that N-fixing trees accelerate the uptake of rock-derived nutrients.
  • Demonstrates that N-fixing trees can enhance mineral weathering rates, increasing supplies of multiple essential nutrients.
  • Highlights the dual role of N-fixing trees in boosting nitrogen inputs and accelerating rock-derived nutrient cycles, vital for forest productivity and carbon storage.