Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

558
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
558
Control Volume and System Representations01:16

Control Volume and System Representations

1.5K
Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface.  For instance, in the case of water...
1.5K
Graphical Representation of Inequalities01:28

Graphical Representation of Inequalities

200
The graph of the equation where y equals x squared forms a curve known as a parabola. This curve acts as a boundary in the coordinate plane, dividing it into distinct regions based on the relative position of points.When the equality sign in the equation is replaced with an inequality—such as greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, or less than or equal to—the graphical representation changes from a single curve into a broader shaded area that signifies the set of all...
200
Vector Representation of Complex Numbers01:16

Vector Representation of Complex Numbers

544
Complex numbers, represented in Cartesian coordinates, can also be visualized as vectors. These vectors can be expressed in polar form, emphasizing their magnitude and angle. When a complex number is input into a function, the output is another complex number, highlighting the function's zero point from which the vector representation can originate.
Consider a function defined as the product of the complex factors in the numerator divided by the product of the complex factors in the...
544
Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

887
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
887
Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids01:20

Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids

968
Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
968

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Language-dependency of the left-digit effect in number line estimation and the role of number word inversion.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Manual pointing bias reflects spatial organization of number knowledge.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Motion-numerical compatibility affects magnitude classification.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Rethinking the roles of language and task for spatial-numerical associations: Commentary on Hochman et al. (2025).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same author

The left-digit bias in two-dimensional manual pointing.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

Tracing life-mind continuity in pivotal traits - world models and isomorphism.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2025
Same journal

Effects of integrating a structured design thinking strategy into generative AI-supported design learning on students' design achievement, creative self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Fukushima treated water release and marine sports.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Mindful parenting and preschoolers' screen dependency behavior: the mediating role of parent-child relationship and the moderating role of effortful control.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic relationships among first-year university students' critical thinking, academic self-concept, and student engagement: a cross-lagged study.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

The association between academic major identity and career decision-making difficulty among Chinese college students: a sequential indirect association model of psychological capital and career adaptability.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Job quality and fertility intentions among Chinese migrant workers: the role of traditional fertility beliefs.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

In vitro Synthesis of Native, Fibrous Long Spacing and Segmental Long Spacing Collagen
07:54

In vitro Synthesis of Native, Fibrous Long Spacing and Segmental Long Spacing Collagen

Published on: September 20, 2012

14.2K

Mental Number Representations in 2D Space.

Elena Sixtus1,2, Jan Lonnemann2, Martin H Fischer3

  • 1Faculty of Human Sciences: Research Group "Motor Control and Cognition," University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that numbers are conceptually linked to vertical space, with larger numbers associated with "up." This spatial-numerical association was observed even when numerical magnitude was irrelevant to the task.

Keywords:
Go/No-go taskSNARChorizontal spacespatial-numerical associationsvertical space

More Related Videos

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study
16:14

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

14.1K
Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

13.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

In vitro Synthesis of Native, Fibrous Long Spacing and Segmental Long Spacing Collagen
07:54

In vitro Synthesis of Native, Fibrous Long Spacing and Segmental Long Spacing Collagen

Published on: September 20, 2012

14.2K
Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study
16:14

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

14.1K
Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
06:53

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

13.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • Mental number representations often follow a spatial-numerical association (SNA), with larger numbers typically linked to the right (horizontal) or up (vertical).
  • Few studies have directly compared horizontal and vertical SNAs within a single experimental paradigm, especially when numerical magnitude is task-irrelevant.
  • Previous research suggests co-activation between mental representations of numbers and space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate number representations in both horizontal and vertical dimensions simultaneously.
  • To determine if SNAs exist in two-dimensional space when numerical magnitude is task-irrelevant and response dimensions are not primed.
  • To examine the relative influence of vertical versus horizontal space on number representations.

Main Methods:

  • A Go/No-go experiment was employed.
  • Participants received auditory primes of small or large numbers.
  • Target Arabic numbers were presented visually amidst distractors, requiring a button press response.

Main Results:

  • No significant effects were found for horizontal spatial arrangements (small numbers left, large numbers right).
  • A significant association was observed between larger numbers and upper space.
  • This indicates a stronger conceptual link between number magnitude and vertical space.

Conclusions:

  • In two-dimensional space, without task-relevant numerical cues or response priming, numbers are conceptually associated with vertical space.
  • The findings suggest that the 'more is up' association is more robust than the 'larger is right' association in this context.
  • This highlights the influence of conceptual associations in shaping spatial-numerical representations.