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Deaths by poisoning in New Zealand, 2008-2013
John S Fountain1,2, David M Reith1,3, Andrew M Tomlin1
1Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand , Dunedin , New Zealand.
New Zealand saw a significant drop in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning deaths but no rise in opioid fatalities. Overall poisoning deaths remain high, highlighting the need for better toxicovigilance systems.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Toxicology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Developed countries often show declining carbon monoxide (CO) fatalities and rising opioid-related deaths.
- Trends in poisoning deaths in New Zealand were previously unknown.
- Understanding these trends is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review poisoning deaths in New Zealand from 2008-2013.
- To identify causative substances and trends in mortality.
- To compare New Zealand's trends with international patterns.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of poisoning death data.
- Utilized the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) database.
- Covered a 6-year period (2008-2013).
Main Results:
- 1402 poisoning deaths recorded, a rate of 5.4/100,000 annually.
- Males had higher mortality rates than females.
- Carbon monoxide (CO) deaths significantly decreased (1.69 to 0.94/100,000).
- No significant change in opioid-related death rates.
- Pharmaceuticals (52%) and chemicals (31%) were leading causes.
- Methadone was the leading pharmaceutical and third overall cause of fatality.
Conclusions:
- New Zealand avoided an 'opioid epidemic' and reduced CO deaths.
- Overall poisoning death rates remain high.
- Enhanced toxicovigilance systems are needed for timely interventions.
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