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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Concrete mixing ensures a homogenous blend where aggregates are well-coated with cement paste. Concrete mixing is typically done using two main types of mixers: batch and continuous. Batch mixers handle one batch at a time, thoroughly combining materials before discharging and receiving the next batch. In contrast, continuous mixers receive a steady flow of ingredients, mixing them consistently and discharging without interruption. Within batch mixers, tilting drum mixers mix with internal...
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A stable mixed lanthanide metal-organic framework for highly sensitive thermometry.

Yue Pan1, Hai-Quan Su, En-Long Zhou

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West Daxue Road, Hohhot 010021, China. haiquansu@yahoo.com.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|February 27, 2019
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New lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) function as sensitive luminescent thermometers. These robust Ln-MOFs offer accurate temperature sensing across a wide range and visible color changes with temperature.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) exhibit high thermal and chemical stability.
  • Lanthanides display temperature-dependent luminescence, a property exploitable for sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize Eu3+/Tb3+-mixed Ln-MOFs for luminescent thermometry.
  • To evaluate the ratiometric temperature sensing performance of the synthesized Ln-MOF.

Main Methods:

  • Solvothermal synthesis method for Ln-MOF preparation.
  • Characterization of luminescence properties and temperature-dependent behavior.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized Eu3+/Tb3+-mixed Ln-MOF with excellent stability.
  • Demonstrated ratiometric temperature sensing from 77 K to 377 K.
  • Achieved maximum relative sensitivity of 9.42% per K within 220 K to 310 K, comparable to state-of-the-art Ln-MOF thermometers.
  • Observed tunable luminescent colors (green to red) with temperature, enabling naked-eye observation and colorimetric thermometry.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Eu3+/Tb3+-mixed Ln-MOF is a promising material for advanced luminescent thermometers.
  • The material offers both ratiometric and colorimetric temperature sensing capabilities.
  • Its performance is competitive with existing Ln-MOF thermometers.