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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment
Published on: May 2, 2025
Investigation of flow dynamics of wastewater in a pilot-scale constructed wetland using radiotracer technique
Abstract:
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are used for the treatment of wastewater by natural processes. Knowledge of the flow dynamics of wastewater through the CWs is required to evaluate their performance, operation and design. The residence time distribution (RTD) approach was used to evaluate the above-mentioned parameters in a CW. The RTD of wastewater flowing through a pilot-scale CW was measured using Technetium-99 m (99mTc) as a radiotracer. The measured data were analyzed, and mean residence time and stagnant volumes were quantified under different operating conditions. A plug flow component in series along with a tank-in-series model with an exchange between the active and dead zones was used to simulate the measured RTD curves and investigate the flow dynamics of the flowing wastewater. The results of the study showed that the optimum flow rate and wastewater level in the CW was 2.3 m3/s and 0.6 m, respectively. Moreover, the results of the study will help in the operation and design of the existing wetland and design of new wetlands.
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