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Dietary Connections

Dietary Connections

In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements

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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...

Carbohydrates: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Carbohydrates: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Carbohydrates are predominantly obtained from plant sources. With the exception of lactose found in milk and insignificant glycogen amounts in meat, most consumed carbohydrates have plant origins. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, or sugars, can be sourced from fruits, honey, milk, sugar cane, and sugar beets. Grains and vegetables are rich in the polysaccharide starch. Two types of polysaccharides provide fiber: cellulose, which is abundant in many vegetables, forms undigestible roughage or...

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Dietary Supplementation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dietary Supplementation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: November 29, 2013

Doping substances in dietary supplements.

Christine Helle, Anne Kristi Sommer, Per Vidar Syversen

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke

|February 28, 2019

Summary

Many sports supplements contain undeclared banned substances, posing health risks and leading to inadvertent doping. Consumers should be aware of these risks when purchasing supplements online.

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Analytical Chemistry
Public Health

Background:

International studies reveal 12-58% of sports supplements contain World Anti-Doping Code (WADC)-prohibited substances.
Undeclared doping agents in supplements pose risks of adverse health effects and illegal sale in Norway.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of WADC-prohibited substances and pharmaceutical drugs in dietary supplements marketed to Norwegian consumers.
To assess the risk of inadvertent doping and adverse health effects from online supplement purchases.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 93 high-risk dietary supplements from online shops targeting Norwegian consumers.
Testing for substances on the WADC Prohibited List and pharmaceutical drugs.
Product selection based on consumer tips, online forums, and international lists.

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Dietary Supplementation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Main Results:

23% (21/93) of analyzed supplements contained prohibited substances, pharmaceutical drugs, or excessive caffeine.
WADC-prohibited substances were found in 9% (8/93) of the dietary supplements.
All supplements with doping substances were declared as containing banned ingredients.

Conclusions:

Purchasing dietary supplements from online shops targeting Norwegian consumers carries a significant risk of inadvertent doping.
Consumers face potential adverse health effects due to undeclared prohibited substances in supplements.
The study highlights the need for increased vigilance regarding supplement safety and anti-doping regulations.