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Group B Streptococcus Colonization in Late Pregnancy and Invasive Infection in Neonates in China: A Population-Based

Yao Zhu1, Jing Huang1, Xin-Zhu Lin2

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Care Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China.

Neonatology
|February 28, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization affects nearly 14% of pregnant women in China. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) effectively reduces GBS early-onset disease (GBS-EOD) in newborns, supporting universal screening.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization rates in late pregnancy and neonatal GBS early-onset disease (GBS-EOD) incidence in China are poorly understood due to a lack of population-based studies.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding GBS prevalence and associated risks in pregnant women in China.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the GBS colonization rate in pregnant women at 35-37 weeks gestation in Xiamen, China.
  • To ascertain the incidence of neonatal GBS infection.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) in preventing neonatal GBS-EOD.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study enrolled 49,908 pregnant women from April 2014 to March 2017.
  • Bacterial cultures were used for GBS diagnosis in mothers and neonates.
  • Pregnant women with GBS colonization received IAP during labor or membrane rupture.

Main Results:

  • The GBS colonization rate was 13.89% (6,933/49,908).
  • The incidence of GBS-EOD was 1.48 per 1,000 neonates (75/50,772).
  • Neonates born to GBS-positive mothers had a 29 times higher risk of GBS-EOD. Risk factors included gestational bacteriuria, previous infant GBS disease, and chorioamnionitis. IAP significantly reduced GBS-EOD risk (p=0.011).

Conclusions:

  • Nearly 14% of pregnant women in China harbor GBS colonization.
  • Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is an effective strategy for preventing neonatal GBS-EOD.
  • Universal screening for maternal GBS colonization and subsequent IAP implementation are recommended in China.
Abstract

Keywords:
Group B StreptococcusGroup B Streptococcus early-onset diseaseLate pregnancyNeonate

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