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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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The bulk modulus is a scientific term used to describe a material's resistance to uniform compression. It is the proportionality constant that links a change in pressure to the resulting relative volume change.
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Characterization of Nanocrystal Size Distribution using Raman Spectroscopy with a Multi-particle Phonon Confinement Model
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Active chiral particles under confinement: surface currents and bulk accumulation phenomena.

Lorenzo Caprini1, Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi

  • 1Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via. F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

Soft Matter
|February 28, 2019
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Chiral active particles confined in channels exhibit reduced wall accumulation and form parallel currents. Chirality drives particles inward, altering density profiles and creating unique flow behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Active matter systems exhibit complex behaviors due to self-propulsion.
  • Chirality in active particles introduces rotational motion and unique dynamic properties.
  • Confinement significantly influences the behavior of active particle systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stationary behavior of confined chiral active particles.
  • To analyze the effects of chirality on particle distribution and flow dynamics.
  • To explore different confinement geometries and their impact on particle accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Extension of the active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model.
  • Analytical derivation of position and velocity distributions for harmonic confinement.
  • Numerical simulations for a more realistic channel model with separated wall and bulk regions.

Main Results:

  • Chirality drastically reduces wall accumulation compared to non-chiral particles.
  • Parallel currents along container walls and inner region accumulation are observed.
  • A realistic channel model shows wall region emptying and bulk population enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • Chirality significantly alters active particle behavior under confinement.
  • The interplay between wall interactions and chiral motion dictates particle distribution.
  • Effective viscosity of the chiral gas can describe observed current profiles.