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Spatial source phase: A new feature for identifying spatial differences based on complex-valued resting-state fMRI

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Spatial source phase in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals significant differences between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. This novel biomarker shows higher sensitivity in specific brain regions, offering new insights into schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Activity Analysis
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Spatial source phase from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an understudied aspect of brain activity.
  • Observed phase contains unique brain information, but its role in intrinsic brain activity representation is unclear.
  • Schizophrenia (SZs) research often focuses on spatial activation magnitude, overlooking phase information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of spatial source phase in identifying neuroimaging differences between individuals with schizophrenia (SZs) and healthy controls (HCs).
  • To explore the potential of spatial source phase as a novel brain imaging biomarker for schizophrenia.
  • To compare the sensitivity of spatial source phase versus activation magnitude in detecting SZs-HCs differences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized complex-valued resting-state fMRI data from 82 individuals (SZs and HCs).
  • Applied Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for data preprocessing, followed by phase de-ambiguity and denoising.
  • Employed voxel-wise F-tests with false discovery rate correction and resampling techniques to analyze spatial source phase homogeneity of variance.

Main Results:

  • Spatial source phase demonstrated more significant variance changes and higher sensitivity in detecting differences between SZs and HCs.
  • These differences were particularly pronounced in the anterior default mode network (DMN) and the left auditory cortex.
  • The sensitivity of spatial source phase surpassed that of the spatial activation magnitude in these regions.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial source phase holds potential as a novel brain imaging biomarker for schizophrenia.
  • This approach offers a new perspective on brain differences in SZs compared to HCs.
  • Findings align with and extend previous research on increased variability in patient data.