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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

75.9K
Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
75.9K
Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

8.0K
Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
8.0K
Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow01:27

Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow

45
Blood flow through a cylindrical blood vessel can be mathematically described using the principles of laminar flow, a regime in which fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers. In this model, the velocity of the blood is not uniform across the cross-section of the vessel; rather, it varies with the radial distance from the center. The maximum velocity occurs along the central axis, decreasing progressively toward the vessel walls, where it reaches zero due to viscous drag.Approximating Blood...
45
Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration01:29

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

855
The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
855
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

227
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
227
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

347
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
347

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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction
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MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction

Published on: December 19, 2013

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Quantification of PET Myocardial Blood Flow.

Matthieu Pelletier-Galarneau1,2, Patrick Martineau1,3, Georges El Fakhri4

  • 1Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|March 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows for accurate quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF). This technique enhances risk stratification and detects both epicardial and microvascular coronary artery disease.

Keywords:
Coronary artery diseaseMyocardial blood flowMyocardial flow reserveMyocardial perfusion imagingPositron emission tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification using positron emission tomography (PET) has established diagnostic and prognostic value.
  • MBF quantification is crucial for assessing coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
  • Advances in technology have made PET-based flow quantification more accessible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review on myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
  • To discuss the technical and clinical aspects of PET-based flow quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PET imaging for myocardial blood flow quantification.
  • Analysis of technical advancements and clinical applications of MBF quantification.

Main Results:

  • Myocardial flow reserve (MFR) and hyperemic MBF improve risk stratification, complementing other markers like fractional flow reserve.
  • Flow quantification enhances myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for detecting epicardial and microvascular coronary artery disease.
  • PET-based flow quantification is increasingly feasible outside specialized academic centers.

Conclusions:

  • PET-based MBF quantification is a valuable tool for comprehensive cardiovascular assessment.
  • This technique offers complementary information for improved diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease.
  • Technological progress is expanding the clinical utility and accessibility of PET myocardial flow quantification.