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Coding of whisker motion across the mouse face.

Kyle S Severson1, Duo Xu1, Hongdian Yang1

  • 1The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.

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Summary

Facial proprioception, the sense of face position, may rely on mechanoreceptors, not proprioceptors. These receptors detect self-motion during whisking, providing stable sensory signals for the brain.

Keywords:
mechanosensationmouseneuroscienceprimary afferentproprioceptiontouchtrigeminal ganglionwhisker

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Biology
  • Somatosensation

Background:

  • Haptic perception integrates touch and proprioception (body position sense).
  • Active touch of the face is crucial for humans and mice.
  • The neural basis of facial proprioception is unclear due to a lack of proprioceptor endings in facial muscles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sensory basis of facial proprioception during active touch.
  • To identify all sources of sensory information about whisking available to the brain.
  • To determine if mechanoreceptors contribute to facial proprioception.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings of mechanoreceptor activity in rodent facial skin.
  • Analysis of neural responses to whisker and orofacial movements.
  • Mapping of mechanoreceptor innervation across diverse facial regions.

Main Results:

  • Whisker motion was primarily encoded by whisker mechanoreceptors.
  • Mechanoreceptors in facial skin, including whisker pad and supraorbital vibrissae regions, also responded to whisker motion.
  • Redundant encoding of self-motion by multiple facial mechanoreceptors was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Facial proprioception likely relies on facial mechanoreceptors that detect self-motion, rather than proprioceptors.
  • Mechanoreceptors provide robust signals about orofacial movements during active touch.
  • Redundant sensory information ensures a stable proprioceptive signal for the brain, even with mechanical disturbances.