Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

59.7K
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
59.7K
Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

75.4K
Dipole Moment of a Molecule
75.4K
VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes02:52

VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

84.4K
Overview of VSEPR Theory
84.4K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.0K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.0K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

50.0K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
50.0K
Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

61.8K
Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
61.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Minimized sample consumption for time-resolved serial crystallography applied to the redox cycle of human NQO1.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Synchronized droplet nozzle for in-vacuum X-ray scattering experiments.

Lab on a chip·2025
Same author

Temporal ghost imaging for pump-probe X-ray solution scattering.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2025
Same author

Comprehensive characterization of gas dynamic virtual nozzles for x-ray free-electron laser experiments.

Structural dynamics (Melville, N.Y.)·2024
Same author

Microsecond time-resolved X-ray scattering by utilizing MHz repetition rate at second-generation XFELs.

Nature methods·2024
Same author

3D-printed sheet jet for stable megahertz liquid sample delivery at X-ray free-electron lasers.

IUCrJ·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control
06:16

Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control

Published on: February 11, 2018

20.1K

Shape transform phasing of edgy nanocrystals.

J P J Chen1, J J Donatelli2, K E Schmidt1

  • 1Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and Advances
|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel iterative phase retrieval algorithm to solve a critical problem in X-ray crystallography. The algorithm enables direct determination of molecular densities from diffraction data, overcoming limitations of crystal surface effects.

Keywords:
X-ray free-electron lasersiterative projection algorithmsnanocrystalsphase retrievalserial femtosecond crystallographyshape transform phasingshape transforms

More Related Videos

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

10.4K
Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
09:12

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Published on: August 10, 2017

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control
06:16

Fabrication of Spherical and Worm-shaped Micellar Nanocrystals by Combining Electrospray, Self-assembly, and Solvent-based Structure Control

Published on: February 11, 2018

20.1K
Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

10.4K
Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
09:12

Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Published on: August 10, 2017

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • X-ray crystallography
  • Structural biology
  • Crystallographic data analysis

Background:

  • Coherent X-ray diffraction patterns from small protein crystals contain interference signals between Bragg peaks.
  • This `shape transform' signal offers additional information for direct molecular density determination without prior knowledge or resolution limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenge of partial coherence among symmetry-related molecules in crystal surface occupancies.
  • To develop and demonstrate an iterative phase retrieval algorithm capable of handling this specific problem in shape transform phasing.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an iterative phase retrieval algorithm.
  • Application and testing of the algorithm on simulated crystallographic data.

Main Results:

  • The developed algorithm effectively treats the problem of partial coherence in shape transform phasing.
  • Demonstration of the algorithm's capability using simulated data.

Conclusions:

  • The iterative algorithm provides a viable solution for accurate molecular density determination.
  • This method enhances the direct phasing capabilities in X-ray crystallography, particularly for small crystals with surface irregularities.