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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Aging01:26

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Epigenetic changes during aging and their reprogramming potential.

Alice E Kane1,2, David A Sinclair1,3

  • 1a Department of Genetics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|March 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic alterations in aging, including DNA methylation changes, are linked to longevity. Emerging research shows these age-related epigenetic changes can be reversed through reprogramming interventions.

Keywords:
AgingDNA methylationchromatinclockepigeneticshistonesreprogrammingsirtuins

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and aging research
  • Molecular biology of aging

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by widespread epigenetic modifications affecting chromatin and DNA organization.
  • Key changes include heterochromatin loss, nucleosome alterations, modified histone marks, and altered DNA methylation patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize age-related epigenetic changes.
  • To review evidence linking these changes to the aging process and longevity.
  • To outline current interventions for reprogramming age-related epigenetic alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic changes during aging.
  • Analysis of studies on the impact of epigenetic modifications on aging and longevity.
  • Summary of research on reprogramming interventions.

Main Results:

  • Aging involves significant epigenetic alterations, including DNA hypomethylation and hypermethylation.
  • These epigenetic changes are increasingly recognized as contributors to the aging process.
  • Interventions like Yamanaka factor expression show potential for reversing age-related epigenetic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic drift is a hallmark of aging, impacting cellular function and organismal lifespan.
  • Targeting epigenetic modifications offers a promising therapeutic avenue for age-related decline.
  • Further research into reprogramming strategies could lead to interventions that promote healthy aging.