Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Electroporation of Mycobacteria
Published on: May 23, 2008
Prevalence of Mycobacteria in Raw Milk Sampled in Karnal, India
S Appuswamy1, V K Batish1, O M Parkash1
1Division of Microbiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, India.
Abstract:
A total of 308 raw milk samples, 209 from an organized farm and 99 from a market source, were examined for the presence of mycobacteria. Mycobacteria were recovered from 4.3% of the farm samples and from 5.1% of the market samples. The isolated cultures identified on the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics and virulence included Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bovine and human strains), M. phlei , M. kansasii , M. fortuitum , M. aquae and M. intracellulare . The significance of presence of even a few virulent strains of mycobacteria in raw milk is discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
Sampling Methods: Sample Types
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
Sampling Theorem
Bandpass Sampling
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2....
Sampling Plans
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
Sample Handling
Samples should be transported carefully from collection points to the laboratory. They should be properly sealed and clearly labeled to prevent cross-contamination. To preserve the sample integrity, optimal temperature conditions during transport are essential. This could involve using...

