Unified Theory for Flexural Strengthening of Masonry with Composites

Recent calamitous events have shown the fragility of the existing masonry buildings. Many of them are heritage structures, such as churches and monumental buildings. Therefore, optimized strengthening strategies are necessary. Experimental studies performed on masonry elements strengthened with composite systems have shown the performance of these materials. However, further development is necessary to optimize the intervention strategies. In fact, due to the lack of general validity models, the design is usually based on prescriptive approaches according to manufacturers' broad instructions, often producing systems with low efficiency and overestimations of the amount of reinforcement. In this paper a generalized approach is proposed to assess the flexural behavior of masonry sections strengthened with composites. The proposed theory has allowed performance of a sensitivity analysis assessing the impact both of the mechanical parameters of masonry and of the strengthening system. In particular, the impact of several constitutive relationships of composites (linear, bilinear, or trilinear) have been evaluated in terms of ultimate behavior of the strengthened masonry. For strengthening systems more compatible with the masonry substrate, the form of the stress⁻strain relationship becomes a key aspect. For such cases, the modeling of the reinforcement plays a fundamental role and the form of the relationship is strongly correlated to the type of reinforcement selected, e.g., organic versus inorganic matrix.