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Published on: April 8, 2014
Source-country individualism, cultural shock, and depression among immigrants
Kristyn Frank1,2, Feng Hou3,4
1Social Analysis and Modelling Division, Statistics Canada, R.H. Coats Building, Floor 24I, 100 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0T6, Canada. Kristyn.Frank@canada.ca.
Objectives:
To determine whether there is a relationship between source-country individualism and depression among different immigrant groups.
Methods:
Pooled data from the 2009-2014 waves of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were used. The CCHS is a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey. A sample of 4347 immigrants in Canada were studied, representing 101 source countries.
Results:
Multi-level logistic regression analysis showed a curvilinear relationship between source-country individualism and depression. A positive relationship was found among immigrants from countries with mid- to high levels of individualism. However, an inverse relationship was observed among immigrants from countries with low to mid-levels of individualism. Depression was significantly associated with the linear form of the source-country individualism measure [odds ratio (OR) 0.950; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.915-0.987] and its squared term (OR 1.063; 95% CI 1.026-1.102).
Conclusions:
A high level of source-country individualism tends to increase the prevalence of depression among immigrants. There is also a cultural shock effect: the prevalence of depression was stronger in the initial years after immigration for those who migrated from countries with low levels of individualism.
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