Preeclampsia: Disease biology and burden, its management strategies with reference to India

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy disorder marked by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation.
• It significantly contributes to maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity globally.
• Women with preeclampsia and their offspring face increased long-term risks of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology and emerging hypotheses on the origin of preeclampsia.
• To identify risk factors associated with preeclampsia development.
• To evaluate potential biomarkers for preeclampsia prediction and discuss its management in India.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pathophysiology, risk factors, and biomarkers for preeclampsia.
• Analysis of preeclampsia prevalence, healthcare facilities, and management guidelines in India.
• Examination of government policies aimed at combating preeclampsia in the Indian context.

Main Results:

• Preeclampsia incidence is notably higher in developing countries.
• India faces challenges in reducing maternal mortality rates related to preeclampsia.
• The review synthesizes current knowledge on preeclampsia's origins, prediction, and management, with a focus on Indian healthcare.

Conclusions:

• Understanding preeclampsia's complex pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective interventions.
• Biomarker research holds promise for early prediction and improved patient outcomes.
• Tailored management strategies and supportive government policies are essential for addressing preeclampsia in India.